He aha nā lāʻau pale māmā?

ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau māmā e pili ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau pono e mālama ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia i ka pōʻeleʻele, no ka mea, e wikiwiki ka mālamalama i ka oxidation o nā lāʻau lapaʻau a hoʻoulu i ka photochemical degradation, ʻaʻole ia e hōʻemi wale i ka mana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, akā hoʻopuka pū kekahi i nā loli kala a me ka ua. Hoʻokaʻawale nui ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau māmā i nā lāʻau lapaʻau-māmā kūikawā, nā lāʻau hōʻoia māmā o ka papa mua, nā lāʻau hōʻoia māmā o ka papa lua, a me nā lāʻau hōʻoia māmā ʻekolu.

1. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā kūikawā: ka sodium nitroprusside, nifedipine a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka sodium nitroprusside, ʻaʻohe paʻa. Pono nō hoʻi e hoʻohana i nā syringes-māmā, nā paipu infusion, a i ʻole nā pahu alumini opaque i ka wā o ka hoʻokele infusion. Inā hoʻohana ʻia ka mea e hoʻopili ai i ka syringe, inā e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ke kukui i ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, ʻalani a uliuli paha, pono e hoʻopau ʻia i kēia manawa;

2. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau e pale i ka māmā mua: ʻo ka nui o nā lāʻau lapaʻau fluoroquinolone e like me levofloxacin hydrochloride a me gatifloxacin, a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me amphotericin B a me doxorubicin. Pono nā lāʻau lapaʻau Fluoroquinolone e pale i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka lā a me ka radiation ultraviolet artificial e pale ai i ka hiki ʻana mai o nā hopena photosensitivity a me nā mea make. No ka laʻana, hiki i ka levofloxacin hydrochloride ke hoʻoulu i nā hopena phototoxic loaʻa (incidence<0.1%). Inā loaʻa nā hopena phototoxic, pono e hoʻopau i ka lāʻau;

3. ʻO nā lāʻau pale māmā lua: me nimodipine a me nā lāʻau antihypertensive ʻē aʻe, promethazine a me nā antihistamines ʻē aʻe, chlorpromazine a me nā lāʻau antipsychotic ʻē aʻe, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, cytarabine Anti-tumor lāʻau, a me ka wai-soluble mau huaora, epinephrine a me nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe e pono ai ka dopamine. hāʻawi ʻia e pale i ka oxidation a me ka hydrolysis;

4. ʻO nā lāʻau pale māmā māmā: e like me nā huaora momona, methylcobalamin, hydrocortisone, prednisone, furosemide, reserpine, procaine hydrochloride, pantoprazole sodium, etoposide, ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me docetaxel, ondansetron, a me nitroglycerin ua maʻalahi i ka mālamalama a ʻōlelo ʻia hoʻi e mālama ʻia.