ʻO ka mālama ʻana i nā meaʻai no nā mea a pau: Ke lanakila ʻana i nā pale kumu waiwai

Hōʻike nui ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole o ka mālama ola kino ma nā ʻōnaehana palena waiwai (RLS), kahi i mālama ʻole ʻia ai ka maʻi ʻai ʻole (DRM). ʻOiai nā hana honua e like me ka UN Sustainable Development Goals, DRM—ʻoi aku ma nā halemai—nele i ka nānā pono kulekele. No ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kēia, ua hōʻuluʻulu ka International Working Group for Patients' Right to Nutrition Care (WG) i nā poʻe akamai e hoʻolālā i nā hoʻolālā hana.

ʻO kahi noiʻi o 58 mau mea pane mai nā ʻāina haʻahaʻa a me waena o ka loaʻa kālā i hōʻike i nā pale nui: ka ʻike palena ʻole o DRM, ka nānā ʻole ʻana, ka nele o ka uku, a me ka lawa ʻole o ke komo ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau meaʻai. Ua kūkākūkā hou ʻia kēia mau āpau e 30 mau loea i ka 2024 ESPEN Congress, e alakaʻi ana i ka ʻae ʻana i ʻekolu mau pono koʻikoʻi: (1) ʻikepili epidemiological maikaʻi aʻe, (2) hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻonui ʻia, a (3) ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā ʻōnaehana olakino. 

Paipai ka WG i kahi hoʻolālā ʻekolu ʻanuʻu: ʻO ka mea mua, e loiloi i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā alakaʻi e like me ESPEN's i nā RLS ma o nā noiʻi ʻimi ʻia. ʻO ka lua, e hoʻomohala i nā alakaʻi alakaʻi kumu waiwai (RSGs) i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā pae kumu waiwai ʻehā—kumu, palena, hoʻonui, a me ka maximal. ʻO ka hope, hoʻolaha a hoʻokō i kēia mau RSG me ka hui pū ʻana me nā hui olakino olakino. 

ʻO ke kamaʻilio ʻana iā DRM ma RLS e koi i ka hana i hoʻomau ʻia. Ma ka hana mua ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i ka mea maʻi a me ke kuleana o ka poʻe kuleana, ke manaʻo nei kēia ala e hōʻemi i nā ʻokoʻa mālama meaʻai a hoʻomaikaʻi i nā hopena no ka poʻe nāwaliwali. 

ʻO ka malnutrition ma waena o nā maʻi maʻi maʻi ua lōʻihi ka mālama ʻole ʻia ma Kina. ʻElua mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua kaupalena ʻia ka ʻike meaʻai olakino, a me ka hānai enteral—kahi ʻano kumu o ka lāʻau lapaʻau meaʻai—ʻaʻole i hana nui ʻia. I ka ʻike ʻana i kēia āpau, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Beijing Lingze ma 2001 e hoʻolauna a hoʻolaha i ka meaʻai enteral ma Kina.

I nā makahiki, ua ʻike nui ka poʻe ʻoihana mālama ola Kina i ke koʻikoʻi o ka meaʻai i ka mālama maʻi. Ua alakaʻi kēia ʻike ulu i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka Chinese Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (CSPEN), kahi i hana koʻikoʻi i ka holomua ʻana i nā hana meaʻai lapaʻau. I kēia lā, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā haukapila i hoʻohui i ka nānā ʻana i ka meaʻai a me nā protocol intervention, e hōʻike ana i ka holomua nui i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka meaʻai i loko o ka mālama olakino.

ʻOiai e mau ana nā pilikia—ʻoi aku ma nā wahi i kaupalena ʻia—Kina''O ka ho'ololi 'ana i ka mea'ai ma'i e hō'ike ana i ka ho'okō 'ana i ka ho'omaika'i 'ana i nā hopena o ka ma'i ma o nā hana ma muli o nā hō'ike. ʻO nā hana hoʻomau i ka hoʻonaʻauao, nā kulekele, a me nā mea hou e hoʻoikaika hou i ka hoʻokele ʻana i ka ʻai ʻole ma nā wahi mālama olakino.