Pehea ka nui o kāu ʻike e pili ana i ka meaʻai enteral

Aia kekahi ʻano meaʻai, e lawe ana i ka meaʻai maʻamau ma ke ʻano he meaʻai a ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o ka meaʻai maʻamau. Aia ia ma ke ʻano o ka pauka, ka wai, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. E like me ka pauka waiū a me ka pauka protein, hiki ke hānai waha a i ʻole i ka ihu a hiki ke maʻalahi a hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka ʻole o ka ʻai ʻana. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo "formula food for special medical purposes", ʻo ia hoʻi, ke hoʻohana nei mākou i nā meaʻai enteral hou aku i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
1. He aha ka meaʻai enteral?
ʻO ka meaʻai enteral (EN) kahi ʻano kākoʻo meaʻai e hāʻawi ana i nā meaʻai like ʻole no ke kino ma o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū e hoʻokō i nā pono physiological a pathological o ke kino. ʻO kāna mau mea maikaʻi ʻo ia ka hoʻopili pololei ʻana o nā meaʻai a hoʻohana ʻia ma o ka ʻōpū, ʻoi aku ka physiological, kūpono no ka hoʻokele ʻana, a haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai. He mea kōkua nō hoʻi i ka mālama ʻana i ka pono o ka ʻōnaehana mucosa intestinal a me ka hana pale.
2. He aha nā kūlana e pono ai ka meaʻai enteral?
Hiki i nā poʻe maʻi āpau me nā hōʻailona no ke kākoʻo meaʻai a me ka hana a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka gastrointestinal tract hiki ke loaʻa i ke kākoʻo meaʻai enteral, me ka dysphagia a me ka mastication; ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻai ma muli o ka haunaele o ka ʻike a i ʻole coma; ʻO ka manawa paʻa o nā maʻi o ka digestive tract, e like me ka fistula gastrointestinal, ka maʻi pōkole pōkole, ka maʻi ʻeha a me ka pancreatitis; ʻO ke kūlana Hypercatabolic, e like me nā poʻe maʻi me ka maʻi koʻikoʻi, ka ʻokiʻoki, ka ʻeha a me nā kuni nui. Aia kekahi mau maʻi ʻai mau, e like me ka maʻi maʻi, ka maʻi ʻaʻai, a pēlā aku; Kākoʻo meaʻai ma mua o ka hana a me ka postoperative; ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka chemotherapy a me ka radiotherapy; Kākoʻo meaʻai no ke kuni a me ka ʻeha; ʻAʻole hiki i ka ate a me ka puʻupaʻa; ʻO ka maʻi cardiovascular; ʻO ka hemahema o ka amino acid metabolism; ʻO ka hoʻohui a i ʻole ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka meaʻai makua.
3. He aha nā papa o ka meaʻai enteral?
Ma ka seminar mua ma ke kumu o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka meaʻai enteral, ua noi ʻo Beijing Branch o ka Hui Lapaʻau Kina i ka hoʻokaʻawale kūpono o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka meaʻai enteral, a ua manaʻo ʻia e puʻunaue i nā hoʻomākaukau meaʻai enteral i ʻekolu mau ʻano, ʻo ia hoʻi ke ʻano amino acid, ke ʻano protein holoʻokoʻa a me ke ʻano ʻāpana. ʻO ka amino acid matrix he monomer, me ka amino acid a i ʻole ka peptide pōkole, ka glucose, ka momona, ka mineral a me ka hui ʻana o ka huaora. He kūpono ia no nā poʻe maʻi me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka ʻōpū a me ka hana absorption, akā maikaʻi ʻole ka ʻono a kūpono no ka hānai ihu. Hoʻohana ke ʻano protein holoʻokoʻa i ka protein holoʻokoʻa a i ʻole ka protein manuahi ma ke ʻano he kumu nitrogen. He kūpono ia no nā poʻe maʻi me ka hana maʻamau a kokoke paha i ka gastrointestinal maʻamau. He ʻono maikaʻi kona, a hiki ke lawe waha a hāʻawi ʻia paha. ʻO ka ʻano ʻāpana he ʻāpana amino acid, ʻāpana peptide pōkole, ʻāpana protein holoʻokoʻa, ʻāpana carbohydrate, long chain triglyceride (LCT) component, medium long chain triglyceride (MCT) component, vitamin component, etc.
4. Pehea e koho ai nā maʻi i ka meaʻai enteral?
Ua hoʻonui ka poʻe maʻi nephrotic i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka protein a ua maʻalahi lākou i ke kaulike nitrogen maikaʻi ʻole, e koi ana i ka protein haʻahaʻa a me ka hoʻomākaukau waiwai amino acid. ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka meaʻai enteral o ke ʻano maʻi kīkī he waiwai i nā amino acids pono, haʻahaʻa i loko o ka protein, haʻahaʻa i ka sodium a me ka potassium, hiki ke hoʻemi pono i ke kaumaha o ka puʻupaʻa.
Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka metabolism o nā waikawa amino aromatic, tryptophan, methionine, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i nā maʻi me ka hana o ka ate impaired, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka lālā branched amino acids, a ua hoʻonui ʻia nā waikawa amino aromatic. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻololi ʻia nā ʻakika amino kaulahao e nā ʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻonui i ke kaumaha ma ke akepaʻa, a hiki ke hoʻokūkū me nā waikawa amino aromatic e komo i ka pale lolo koko, e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i nā maʻi o ke ake a me ka lolo. No laila, hiki ke helu ʻia nā ʻakika amino branched ma mua o 35% ~ 40% o ka nui o nā amino acids i nā meaʻai maʻi ʻano maʻi.
Ma hope o ke kuni nui, piʻi ka wela o ke kino o ka mea maʻi, hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā hormones a me nā mea inflammatory i ka nui, a aia ke kino i kahi kūlana kiʻekiʻe. Ma waho aʻe o ka ʻeha, ʻo ka ʻōpū kekahi o nā mea nui me ka endogenous high metabolism. No laila, pono e loaʻa i ka meaʻai puhi ke loaʻa ka protein kiʻekiʻe, ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe a me ka momona maʻalahi me ka liʻiliʻi o ka wai.
ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka meaʻai enteral no ka poʻe maʻi me nā maʻi māmā e loaʻa i ka momona kiʻekiʻe, ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka protein no ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻiʻo lean a me ka anabolism, i mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hana hanu.
Ma muli o ka hopena o ka chemotherapy, ʻilihune ke kūlana meaʻai a me ka hana pale ʻana o nā mea maʻi me nā maʻi maʻi maʻi, a ʻoi aku ka momona o ka ʻiʻo tumora. No laila, pono e koho ʻia nā hoʻomākaukau meaʻai me ka momona kiʻekiʻe, ka protein kiʻekiʻe, ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, kahi e hoʻohui ʻia ai ka glutamine, arginine, MTC a me nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā kalapona i loko o ka hoʻomākaukau meaʻai no ka poʻe maʻi maʻi maʻi he oligosaccharides a i ʻole polysaccharides, me ka nui o ka fiber meaʻai, kahi e hoʻolōʻihi ai i ka piʻi ʻana o ke kō koko.